A condition similar to cotton fever was described in the early 1940s among cotton-farm workers. The term cotton what is cotton fever symptoms, causes, and treatment fever was coined in 1975 after the syndrome was recognized in intravenous drug users. If you think someone is experiencing cotton fever, contact a professional healthcare provider.
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Cotton fever is an illness that occurs primarily in individuals who use intravenous drugs, particularly heroin or other opioids. It is believed to result from bacterial contamination of the cotton used to filter the drug into the needle. The most commonly accepted theory is that the fever and flu-like symptoms are triggered by Enterobacter agglomerans (now known as Pantoea agglomerans), a type of bacteria commonly found in cotton plants. When drug users filter their substances through cotton before injection, trace amounts of bacteria or endotoxins may enter the bloodstream, leading to an immune system response that mimics an infection. Cotton fever is an illness that occurs when bacteria-contaminated cotton fibers are introduced into the bloodstream during intravenous drug use. This condition often results in symptoms like high fever, rapid heart rate, and general weakness.
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This can lead to fever, abdominal pain, and other symptoms, such as a general feeling of illness. Another possible cause is an endotoxin response from the Enterobacter agglomerans bacteria that live in cotton.2 It’s a mild toxin that can be picked up in the drug, causing a reaction. Cotton fever is a condition that can be difficult to recognize, as its symptoms may resemble those of other illnesses. However, being aware of the distinguishing factors and understanding how it is diagnosed can help in identifying cotton fever accurately.
Recognize Early Signs of Infection
During detoxification, the body works to metabolize and eliminate the toxins accumulated from prolonged substance abuse. Cotton fever may develop soon after someone uses a non-medical intravenous drug, such as heroin or opioids. Intravenous (IV) drug use can cause serious, sometimes life-threatening complications. People who abuse IV drugs are at risk of infections, overdose, addiction, and many other severe consequences. While cotton fever is generally not life-threatening, the symptoms can have a rapid onset while being severe and frightening.
- A doctor will typically prescribe antibiotics like doxycycline (100 mg twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks) to treat Lyme disease.
- Cotton fever is a term that may be unfamiliar to many, but for individuals who use intravenous drugs (drugs injected directly into the bloodstream), it’s a well-known and dreaded condition.
- The primary cause of cotton fever is the introduction of bacteria or endotoxins into the bloodstream through drug injection.
- However, using IV drugs to the point of experiencing cotton fever can be an indication that your drug abuse has become a more serious problem.
- The Pandemic Mitigation Collective’s COVID forecasting model, which uses data from various sources, estimates that there are an average of 512,000 new daily infections in the U.S. as of Aug 11.
- These filters are less likely to introduce harmful substances into the bloodstream.
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Unfortunately, there is no simple way to ensure the sterilization of an already used needle. Known to strike within a half an hour of injection, in some cases, it takes as little as five minutes to set in. The bones ache, muscles can spasm, accompanied by cold and severe migraines the body will also shake, sometimes violently. Of course, there is also a fever on top of everything else going on, which, in turn, brings about nausea and vomiting. In rare cases where symptoms persist or complications arise, antibiotics may be prescribed if a secondary bacterial infection is suspected. While cotton fever is typically self-limiting, proper hydration, rest, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate symptoms and speed recovery.
This may be inpatient or outpatient treatment, but often includes group counseling, talk therapy, behavioral therapies, support groups, and other evidence-based care. Cotton fever can have intense and uncomfortable symptoms but is not usually life-threatening. If you’re using IV drugs often enough to get cotton fever, however, it is a concerning sign of drug abuse. It is not considered dangerous or life-threatening, however, symptoms can be uncomfortable and frightening. Cotton fever rarely requires medical treatment but is sometimes warranted if the high fever does not break within a few hours of the onset.
- Because this is a condition that has not been studied extensively, there is not a hard-and-fast list of symptoms.
- The severity of symptoms is so intense that cotton fever is often described as the worst experience of one’s life, by a long shot.
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- As sepsis is caused by transmission of bacteria from a dirty needle, using a needle only once and using a new, sterile needle every time will prevent cotton fever.
- In some cases, cotton fever can lead to a rapid heartbeat, also known as tachycardia.
It is essential to spread awareness about cotton fever to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals who may be at risk. Educating others about cotton fever and providing resources for support and information are vital steps in preventing and addressing this condition. Remember, seeking medical help promptly is crucial not only for diagnosing cotton fever accurately but also for ensuring the well-being and safety of individuals experiencing its symptoms. Remember, seeking medical attention is crucial, even if you are uncertain about the cause of your symptoms. Healthcare professionals can properly evaluate your condition and provide appropriate care.
Cotton fever caused by bacteria from the cotton plant may be more problematic in preventing. Any method to sterilize cotton that may contain the bacteria would likely turn the cotton toxic and possibly deadly in another manner. Toxins used to sterilize cotton may also be more difficult to treat and the damage done may be impossible to treat.
Tua Saúde is an informative space that intends to inform and educate readers about topics related to health, nutrition and wellbeing. This information should not be used to substitute a clinical diagnosis or treatment, nor does it replace the medical advice provided by a doctor. The sooner treatment starts, the faster the recovery and the lower the risk of complications. If any of these symptoms appear, it’s best to go to the hospital immediately. Prompt treatment can help prevent complications that can be life-threatening. If any of these symptoms develop, especially when there’s a rash, it’s recommended to see a doctor right away to confirm the diagnosis and start antibiotics.
Cotton fever, also known as “the shakes,” is a flu-like illness that can occur shortly after injecting drugs. It is not caused by an infection, but rather by the body’s reaction to bacteria or endotoxins that are present in the cotton or other materials used to filter the drugs. These substances can enter the bloodstream and trigger an immune response, leading to the symptoms of cotton fever. Cotton fever is a condition often experienced by individuals who inject drugs, named after the cotton filters used during the injection process.
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While it mimics the symptoms of a severe flu, it is not usually dangerous and often resolves on its own. If symptoms persist beyond 24 hours or worsen, it’s important to seek medical attention to rule out more serious conditions like sepsis, endocarditis, or an abscess, which require urgent treatment. Despite its name, cotton fever isn’t caused by cotton itself but is linked to the use of cotton filters when preparing injectable drugs.
